Blar i forfatter "Hetland, Audun"

Viser treff 1-15 av 15

    • Avalanche decision-making frameworks: Classification and description of underlying factors 

      Landrø, Markus; Pfuhl, Gerit; Engeset, Rune; Jackson, Miriam; Hetland, Audun (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-10-17)
      Snow avalanches are a complex phenomenon and correctly assessing avalanche danger is crucial in order to avoid accidents. To aid the decision-making process, different decision-making frameworks (DMFs) have been developed. However, each DMF assesses different factors. We identified 44 factors included in the ten most commonly used DMFs, supplemented by nine factors regarded as important by avalanche ...

    • Avalanche decision-making frameworks: Factors and methods used by experts 

      Landrø, Markus; Hetland, Audun; Engeset, Rune; Pfuhl, Gerit (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-10-31)
      The snowy mountains of the world attract more and more backcountry recreationalists. Besides beauty and joy, traveling in avalanche terrain can involve risk of injury and even death. A correct assessment of avalanche danger and following a correct decision is crucial. This requires a thorough evaluation of a range of factors. To aid these decisions several decision-making frameworks (DMF) have been ...

    • AvaLife—A New Multi-Disciplinary Approach Supported by Accident and Field Test Data to Optimize Survival Chances in Rescue and First Aid of Avalanche Patients 

      Genswein, Manuel; Macias, Darryl; McIntosh, Scott; Reiweger, Ingrid; Hetland, Audun; Paal, Peter (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-26)
      Snow sports in the backcountry have seen a steep increase in popularity, and therefore preparedness for efficient companion and organized rescue is important. While technical rescue skills are widely taught, there is a lack of knowledge regarding first aid for avalanche patients. The stressful and time-critical situation for first responders requires a rule-based decision support tool. AvaLife ...

    • Behavior in Avalanche Terrain: An Exploratory Study of Illegal Snowmobiling in Norway 

      Michaelsen, Bjørn; Stewart-Patterson, Iain; Rolland, Carsten Gade; Hetland, Audun; Engeset, Rune Verpe (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-16)
      Snowmobilers make a grim and significant contribution to avalanche fatality statistics in Norway. However, there is limited knowledge on the behavior of this group in avalanche terrain and the factors influencing this behavior. Our study documents what snowmobilers do and not do in avalanche terrain, how their behavior relates to managing complex avalanche conditions and if there is a mismatch between ...

    • Colours and maps for communicating natural hazards to users with and without colour vision deficiency 

      Engeset, Rune Verpe; Pfuhl, Gerit; Orten, Camilla; Hendrikx, Jordy; Hetland, Audun (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-14)
      Natural hazards are often communicated visually using colours and maps. However, users' ability to read and understand these products may be hampered by e.g., colour vision deficiency, potentially rendering the products less effective or even counter effective. To study these effects, we conducted two web-based surveys and analysed how to improve visual communication of avalanches, floods, landslides, ...

    • Communicating public avalanche warnings – what works? 

      Engeset, Rune; Pfuhl, Gerit; Landrø, Markus; Mannberg, Andrea; Hetland, Audun (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-20)
      Like many other mountainous countries, Norway has experienced a rapid increase in both recreational winter activities and fatalities in avalanche terrain during the past few decades: during the decade 2008–2017, 64 recreational avalanche fatalities were recorded in Norway. This is a 106% increase from that of the previous decade. In 2013, Norway therefore launched the National Avalanche Warning ...

    • Feeling and Thinking about It Are Two Different Things: How to Capture Momentary Emotions of Extreme Sports in the Field 

      Hetland, Audun (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-24)
      To learn about extreme sports and what motivates such activities, we need to understand the emotions embedded in the experience itself. However, how we go about assessing these emotions might provide us with very different answers. An experience is a fleeting and ever-changing phenomenon, rich in detail and filled with nuances. What we remember and, therefore, what we are able to report from our ...

    • Feeling the extreme : an exploratory study of experienced emotions during extreme sport 

      Hetland, Audun (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2009-11-17)
      In the current study 13 BASE-jumpers and 18 skydivers reported their emotions immediately after a jump and after a 24 hours delay, using verbal (Likert-like scales) and visual (Feelometer) emotional report. Heart rate measures were also collected during, and 24 hours after the jump. The Feelometer is a newly developed tool enabling the participants to give a moment-to-moment report from a particular ...

    • Powder Fever and Its Impact on Decision-Making in Avalanche Terrain 

      Mannberg, Andrea; Hetland, Audun; Hendrikx, Jordy; Johnson, Jerry (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-09)
      We examined the effect of emotions, associated with “powder fever”, on decision-making in avalanche terrain. Background: Skiing in avalanche terrain is a voluntary activity that exposes the participant to potentially fatal risk. Impaired decision-making in this context can therefore have devastating results, often with limited prior corrective feedback and learning opportunities. Previous research ...

    • Powder fever and its impact on decision-making in avalanche terrain 

      Mannberg, Andrea; Hendrikx, Jordy; Johnson, Jerry; Hetland, Audun (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-09)
      We examined the effect of emotions, associated with “powder fever”, on decision-making in avalanche terrain. Background: Skiing in avalanche terrain is a voluntary activity that exposes the participant to potentially fatal risk. Impaired decision-making in this context can therefore have devastating results, often with limited prior corrective feedback and learning opportunities. Previous research ...

    • Rethinking the Heuristic Traps Paradigm in Avalanche Education: Past, Present and Future 

      Johnson, Jerry; Mannberg, Andrea; Hendrikx, Jordy; Hetland, Audun; Stephensen, Matthew (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08-27)
      This paper will review the emergence and adoption of decision heuristics as a conceptual framework within the avalanche research and education community and demonstrate how this emphasis on the heuristic decision framework has anchored and was critical in redefining the discussion around avalanche accidents. This paradigm has been a critical and meaningful step in recognizing the importance of ...

    • Should I Judge Safety or Danger? Perceived Risk Depends on the Question Frame 

      Stephensen, Matthew; Schulze, Christin; Landrø, Markus; Hendrikx, Jordy; Hetland, Audun (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-04-29)
      Linguistic polarity is a natural characteristic of judgments: Is that situation safe/dangerous? How difficult/easy was the task? Is that politician honest/dishonest? Across six studies (<i>N</i> = 1599), we tested how the qualitative frame of the question eliciting a risk judgment influenced risk perception and behavior intention. Using a series of hypothetical scenarios of skiing in avalanche ...

    • Skiing and thinking about it: Moment-to-moment and retrospective analysis of emotions in an extreme sport 

      Hetland, Audun; Vittersø, Joar; Bø Wie, Simen Oscar; Kjelstrup, Eirik Refsnes; Mittner, Matthias; Dahl, Tove Irene (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-20)
      Happiness is typically reported as an important reason for participating in challenging activities like extreme sport. While in the middle of the activity, however, participants do not seem particularly happy. So where does the happiness come from? The article proposes some answers from a study of facially expressed emotions measured moment-by-moment during a backcountry skiing event. Self-reported ...

    • The thrill of speedy descents: A pilot study on differences in facially expressed online emotions and retrospective measures of emotions during a downhill mountain-bike descent 

      Hetland, Audun; Kjelstrup, Eirik Refsnes; Mittner, Matthias; Vittersø, Joar (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-02)
      When extreme sport athletes explain the engagement behind their taxing and risky endeavors, they often refer to the happiness generated by the activities. However, during the activity, these athletes seem neither pleased nor happy. This article proposes some answers from a study of facially expressed emotions measured moment by moment during downhill mountain biking. Self-reported emotions were ...

    • Updating in the mountains: A sensemaking perspective on ski guiding 

      Løland, Stig; Søreide, Maria Nordbø; Hällgren, Markus; Hetland, Audun (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-09-22)
      For a ski guide, updating on the ever-changing natural conditions and group dynamics is essential to stay safe and provide a good experience for clients. In this paper, we explore how guides update their understanding in the mountains. Our data arise out of a one-season participant ethnography of ski guiding in Norway. The research team had two authors collecting data, one as an “outsider” and another ...